Pathological anatomy is the science that studies the pathophysiological and morphological alterations of the disease. It studies the disease at an organic, tissue, cellular, subcellular, and molecular level.

Gel electrophoresis is a widely used technique in life science laboratories to separate macromolecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins. In this technique, molecules are separated according to size and electrical charge.

The cryostat is a piece of equipment used in the processing of samples for histological or histopathological diagnosis or identification. It is mainly used to freeze and obtain frozen tissue sections or samples that have not been previously fixed by chemical methods, to avoid losing some important characteristics necessary for observation.

An incubator is a laboratory equipment that is used to maintain and grow microbiological cultures or cell cultures, regulating viable growth factors such as temperature, humidity and ventilation.

The spectrophotometer is a piece of equipment used in the laboratory in order to determine the concentration of a substance in a solution, thus allowing quantitative analysis to be carried out. Proper calibration of the spectrophotometer is a fundamental factor in obtaining an accurate and reliable measurement.

A humidity incubator is a laboratory equipment that, in addition to controlling the temperature of the indoor environment, also controls the humidity, through a refrigeration system, instead of direct heating. They allow the development of an infinity of experimental work, since with it microbiological and cell cultures can be maintained thanks to its ability to achieve the optimum temperature and humidity for this, as well as the levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen.

Hematology analyzers are equipment used to perform complete blood counts, or hemograms. They carry out quantitative and qualitative analyzes of blood elements: red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. They are mainly used in medical biology analysis laboratories or in hospitals with hematology services.

Spectrophotometry quantifies the concentration of a specific substance that is present in a sample by comparing the amount of light that enters a sample compared to the amount of light that leaves the sample at a specific wavelength. It can be used theoretically to measure any substance that absorbs light.

Electrophoresis is an analytical method in which a controlled electric current is used in order to separate biomolecules according to their size to electric charge ratio, using a gelatinous matrix as a base. This technique has a variety of practical uses, such as forensic medicine for human identification, the human genome project, protein and genetic mutation research, and clinical diagnostic testing.

The biological safety cabinet represents a primary containment barrier that allows safe work with biological agents. It is a device designed to prevent the escape of bioaerosols from the work area and, therefore, protects people and the environment from possible exposure to biological agents. There are three types, known as: class I, class II and class III. Laminar flow booths designed exclusively to protect the product are not considered CSB. Next we are going to mention the main characteristics of working with cabins at each of these security levels: